Medical
Dermatology

Acne

The small holes in the skin are called pores, and they connect to the sebaceous glands below the surface. These glands produce a substance called sebum.

If there is an excess of sebum and too many dead skin cells, the pores become clogged, causing the skin to swell and redden.

Types And Symptoms

• Comedonal. Open or closed pores, “black spots.”
• Pustules. Pimples with pus on the tip.
• Papules Small, red pimples.
• Nodules. Large, solid, painful lumps below the skin’s surface.
• Cystic Lesions. Painful, pus-filled bumps below the skin’s surface

Dermatitis

Dermatitis is a common condition characterized by continual irritation of the skin, such as itching, swelling, and redness. It can come in various forms.

Types And Symptoms

• Atopic. Chronic dry skin, red and itchy rash; It regularly appears in the folds of the skin. It is more common in babies.
• Seborrheic. Scaly spots that cause redness of the skin and dandruff. It appears in the body’s oily areas: face, scalp, back, and upper chest.
• Allergic (from contact). It arises in areas of the skin that were in touch with an irritating substance, such as cosmetic products or accessories.

Hair Loss

The condition where hair loss is excessive or abnormal is called alopecia, and there are times where the cause is a skin problem.

Types And Symptoms

• Pattern Hair Loss. Also known as “androgenetic alopecia” Its origin is mainly genetic, but it can also be hormonal.
• Alopecia Areata. Alopecia in the form of patches on the scalp, commonly circular.
• Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia. It mainly affects women, advancing from the forehead to the nape of the neck. Pimples may manifest in the affected area.
• Diffuse Alopecia. It affects a portion of the scalp; it is reversible and temporary.
• Scarring. The disappearance of hair caused by an injury.

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer tends to develop in the areas most exposed to the sun and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as scalp, face, ears, lips, neck, chest, arms, hands, and legs.

Types And Symptoms

• Basal-Cell Carcinoma. Small, round, basal cells on top of the skin. It rarely spreads to other areas of the body. Neglected, it can cause disfigurement.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma. “Scales” form on the skin; Unlike basal cell cancer, this type of cancer can spread to other parts of the body.
• Melanoma. It begins with the appearance of a new mole or as part of a pre-existing one. It can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs and liver.

Nail Diseases

Healthy nails are generally smooth and uniform in color; abnormalities in the hands or feet should be checked to avoid complications. Some conditions are harmless or not aesthetically pleasing. However, others do require medical attention.

Symptoms

• Yellowish tone.
• Abnormal thickness.
• With fungi or bacteria.
• Ingrown nails.
• Soft and weak.
• Traumatized or inflamed.
• Bitten nails (onychophagy).

Photoaging

Photoaging is premature aging of the skin caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

It is caused mainly by the sun, but also by artificial sources such as tanning beds and even as a result of various habits (smoking, drinking, lifestyle).

All of these conditions alter the standard structure of the skin, causing it to wrinkle and weaken.

Symptoms

• Small varicose veins on the face and neck.
• New freckles develop.
• Sunspots.
• Expression lines visible in the eyes, corner of the mouth, or the forehead.

Melasma

Melasma is a disease that produces brown, symmetrical spots mainly on the face (forehead, cheeks, back of the nose or upper lip).

It occurs due to an increase in melanin at the epidermis or dermis level. It can appear due to hormonal changes during pregnancy or exposure to the sun. It mainly affects women.

Types And Symptoms

• Epidermal Melasma. It affects the top layer of the skin. The spots are brown with well-defined edges.
• Dermal Melasma. It occurs at the deepest level of the dermis. The spots are grayish in color.
• Mixed Melasma. Combination of the epidermal and dermal type. The spots have a brownish and grayish tone.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a frequent skin disease that accelerates the life cycle of skin cells; It causes cells to accumulate rapidly on the skin’s surface.

The excess of skin cells forms thick, red, itchy scales that cause itching and sometimes pain, cause the skin to dry and break.

Types And Symptoms

• Plaque Psoriasis. It produces dry, raised, and red lesions on the skin; they can appear anywhere.
• Psoriasis On The Scalp. A scales-like rash appears on the scalp; it can spread to areas like the nape of the neck, forehead, or ears.
• Guttate Psoriasis. It comes in the form of scaly red dots that resemble drops of water splashed on the body.

Rosacea

Rosacea is an abnormal growth of blood vessels that causes facial redness, usually in the cheek area. It also includes the appearance of delicate superficial veins and pustules.

This condition mainly affects people with sensitive skin and advanced age.

Types And Symptoms

• Erythematous-Telangiectatic Rosacea. Redness in the central area of the face: nose and cheeks.
• Rosacea Papule-Pustular. Redness also in the central area of the face but milder. It produces alterations similar to acne.
• Rhinophyma (phymatous rosacea). Thickening and inflammation in the affected area.
• Ocular Rosacea. It affects the eyes, making them feel irritated, tearful, and red.

Vitiligo

Vitiligo, also known as “skin depigmentation,” occurs when pigment-producing cells die or stop working.

Loss of skin color can affect any part of the body.

Types And Symptoms

• Localized Vitiligo. It appears exclusively on the hands or face; it is the most common.
• Unilateral Vitiligo. It appears in the form of thick lines on the body, which follow the nerve’s path.
• Nonsegmental Vitíligo. It appears in various areas of the body, often symmetrically on both sides of the body.
• Universal Vitiligo. It extends over most of the body’s surface.

Excessive Sweating

People with hyperhidrosis appear to have overactive sweat glands. Uncontrollable sweating can lead to significant discomfort, both physically and emotionally.

People who suffer from this problem sweat excessively even without making effort or any weather conditions that may cause it.

Types And Symptoms

• Focal or Primary. It is on the hands, feet, and armpits.
• Generalized or Secondary. It manifests itself widely in the body. This condition is usually a consequence of an underlying health problem, such as diabetes, tumors, or thyroid abnormalities.